Global Warming And Climate Change - 974 Words

For many years there were discussions about global warming, whether it is true or false. Is there evidence to prove that global warming has impacted the climate due to the rise in the earth’s temperature? Climate change is a problem that is worldwide that should be reviewed. The rise in the earth’s temperature has caused some impact to the weather and climate changes to many places worldwide. This rise in temperature has the potential of causing drastic changes to the earth in many ways. It is time to view the global warming concerns and determine if the information and finding have impacted the climate and the weather. This paper will view some of the causes, similarities, and solution of global warming today.. Global warming happens when a change in the climate system or temperature. Global warming is defined as the gradual heating of the earth surface, oceans and atmosphere. Since the late 1800 scientist have document the rise in the temperatures worldw ide. The National Aeronautics and Space Act ( NASA) indicate that the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere is increasing due to the burning of fossil fuels. Half of all car emission are absorbed by the Earth’s ocean and land. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released four key findings about global warming. First the human activities are responsible for 95% of global warming. Second for the past 800,000 years carbon dioxide is at an unprecedented level ever. Third is theShow MoreRelatedClimate Change Of Global Warming924 Words   |  4 Pages Figure 0.1 shows the different effects of global warming. Global warming is the warming of our planet at an extreme rate. The Earth’s climate has warmed by 7.8OC since 1880. (Quick facts about science, 2015). What causes global warming? The cause of global warming is the carbon dioxide. This acts like a blanket. Protecting the earth, and heating the earth. Sun rays would normally bounce around the earth, but with the blanket, the sun rays heat the blanket which heats the earth. (Petersen ScienceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1398 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming and climate change have been frequent topics of discussion over the past several years. Although people tend to focus on the politics, it is important to look past the media aspects of it into the cold hard facts of what our Earth is currently experiencing, and what has caused it in the first place. The cause of climate change includes natural causes, but human causes are what is generating such a rapid global temperature change. It’s time that the ways in which humanity affectsRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1060 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change (Klaus) 1000 The terms â€Å"global warming†, â€Å"climate change† or â€Å"greenhouse effect† have become more than just parts of the popular lexicon as they rather are subject of public discussions, scientific research or political debates. Despite the popularity and the ubiquity of these terms, the public’s theoretical and conceptual understanding of them and their causal relations is often based on superficial knowledge and buzzwords or caricatures outlined and depicted in several popular mediaRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1194 Words   |  5 PagesDonya Curtis April 19, 2017 English 1001-rough draft Global Warming Global warming is one facet of the broader term climate change. It is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth s surface air and oceans from the mid 20th century and the projected continuation. The Global warming is primarily the consequence of building up greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Emission rates for most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, CO2, have increased 120 fold in the past 140 years. WhileRead MoreClimate Change and Global Warming1074 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change and Global Warming are out of control. This means that, no matter what policies, processes or actions are implemented, the Earth as we know it will never be the same again. There is significant evidence to support this hypothesis. The dilemma becomes whether we can limit the damage and adapt to a new status quo or not. Rising sea levels and the damage caused by this phenomenon has irreversible impacts on coastlines worldwide. Damage to sensitive reef systems cannot be fixed. This alsoRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1022 Words   |  5 PagesWhat = Climate Change Who = Emma, Aoife, Julia, Rachael, Mariah and Cà ©line What is it? Climate Change is a change in the demographic distribution of weather patterns, and related change in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, happening over time scales of decades or longer. It’s the world’s greatest threat. Climate change is the change in temperature over a period of time. It involves the greenhouse effect and global warming. Where is it? It is an issue affecting everyone everywhere. ClimateRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1474 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomenon, known as â€Å"smog† became an often daily occurrence in big, urbanized cites across the globe. Also, Al Gore’s book, An Inconvenient Truth, popularized the issue of climate change and global warming as a result of the damage that the modern world has done to the atmosphere. He noted that people resist the facts about climate change due to the inconvenience of changing their lifestyles. But, uninhibited industrialization of several countries has led to intense modernization and revolution of theRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming928 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will discuss climate change and global warming on the economy. The paper also gives a description on climate change and global warming. As well as what it hold for future business owners. It will also discuss what the government is doing about climate change/global warming. Climate change is a long-term shift in the statistics of the weather (including its averages). For example, it could show up as a change in climate normal (expected average values for temperature and precipitation)Read MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1630 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Related Threats Global warming will lead to uncontrollable devastation such as famine, war, and economic instability. Climate change will accelerate the dislocation of hundreds of millions of people and the extinction of many species. The negative effects of climate change are obvious on every continent. Professor Le Quere, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia said, The human influence on climate change is clear. The atmosphere andRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1412 Words   |  6 Pages Earth’s climate has been changed for hundreds of year dating back to the beginning of man to the ice age and today, and with that change came scientists who have been keeping track and gathering data on these changes in the climate. The climate is the source of life it provides a secure environment setting for life forms to thrive without a proper climatic setting life would begin to dwindle and eventually all life forms would go extinct . But why is the climate so important moreover exactly what

The Little Shop of Horror and Macbeth - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 553 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Macbeth Essay Did you like this example? Do you know the differences and similarities in the book about Macbeth and the movie about The Little Shop Of Horrors? There are many differences and similarities in this essay about Macbeth and The Little Shop Of Horrors. Both of the stories provide great information because the details are given, shows and tells how all of the killing scenes went, and it gives you the suspension, to make you wanna know what is going to happen next. Here are the first differences between The Little Shop of Horrors and Macbeth. The first difference would be how Macbeth killed the king of Scotland, and Seymour killed the railroad man just to feed his plant. Macbeth murdered King Duncan because some witches told him that one day he will become king. So he took it in his own hands to kill Duncan. Seymour killed the railroad man because his plant convinced him that he wanted blood and flesh. Both of them killed someone but it was for different reasons. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Little Shop of Horror and Macbeth" essay for you Create order The second difference is Macbeth had people kneeling before him not knowing what happened to King Duncan. Seymour did not know Mr. Mushnick seen him feed the body parts to the plant. Macbeth had people kneeling before him but the people did not know what happened to King Duncan because he killed him in his sleep while the lady Macbeth drugged the bodyguards. Seymour did not know that Mr. Mushnick saw him. The only reason how Mr. Mushnick saw him was that he forgot his wallet. Macbeth and Seymour have hidden agendas. They do not think no one is going to catch them. The third difference is Macbeth was told by witches that Macduff is a threat to his throne. Seymour was about to get a trophy until the faces popped up on the plant of how many people were fed to the plant and who they were. Macbeth knew that Macduff knew what really happened to King Duncan. So Macbeth took it upon himself and hires a murderer to kill Macduff’s family. He thought that killing Macduffs family would cause Macduff to back down. Seymour felt guilty of what he did when Frankie and Joe caught on to who killed the railroad man and the dentist. So, Seymour ran and ran until he came upon a junkyard with lots and lots of toilets. They could not find him because he hid inside the toilets. They both have come to realization that what they did was wrong. In conclusion, Macbeth and Seymour both killed others, had hidden agendas, and thought no one was going to catch them. They both knew that killing was wrong but they continued to do it because they felt that it was pleasing. It felt pleasing because no one knew what was happening at the time. The moral of this essay is that if you know that what your doing is wrong, do not continue doing it because it will come back to bite you in the butt. Works Cited Griffith, Charles B. The Little Shop of Horrors. Directed by Roger Corman, Santa Clara Productions, 1960, YouTube, uploaded by NAveryW, March 15, 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=UhSP0ldQnuk. Accessed August 25, 2018. Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Edited by Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. Folger Shakespeare Library, www.folgerdigitaltexts.org/html/Mac.html. Accessed September 25, 2018.

The Global Health Observatory Arm Of The World Health...

Country profiles Each of these country profiles was written based on indicators from the International Programs of the US Census Bureau and the reports of the Global Health Observatory arm of the World Health Organization. This data was compiled into Table 1 which can be found in Appendix 1. A list of the reports and websites appears in the Works Cited Section of the report. Denmark According to the UN M49, Denmark is a well developed country. A small but well functioning country, in 2014 it has an estimated midyear population of 5.6 million people, and a GDP per capita of 43,430 USD. With this high income, Denmark is able to spend roughly 6,000 USD per capita on health expenditures, amounting to roughly 10.1% of the GDP per capita. As a†¦show more content†¦More, people are protected from infection with only 6% of the life-years lost to premature death being attributed to communicable diseases. Together, communicable diseases, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional conditions account for only 7% of all deaths in the country. These can be attributed to high levels of care for environmental and public health, which is also indicated by the fact that roughly 100% of the Danish population has access to both clean water and improved sanitation, both protective against communicable diseases. Although Denmark has been remarkable in protecting its citizens from communicable diseases, deaths resulting from injury, childhood deaths, and deaths connected to pregnancy, all people must at some point die. As a result, 88% of life-years lost to premature death in Denmark are the product of long term, non-communicable disease, which makes up 90% of all death in the country. Cancer is the largest killer in Denmark, causing 32% of all deaths. This is followed by cardiovascular disease, which leads to 26% of all deaths. Both can be at least partially attributed to relatively high levels of obesity, with 18.7% of all men and 17.6% of all women being obese, with even more being overweight. This is typical of developed countries as people become accustomed to more sedentary lifestyles and high calorie foods. Iran

Cosmetic Surgery Is It Truly A Cure-All. It Is No Secret

Cosmetic Surgery: Is it Truly a Cure-all? It is no secret that the world operates adhering to strict and unrealistic beauty standards. Rather than embrace everyone for their individuality and uniqueness, society shuns those who do not fit to the ideal, forcing pressure and negative self-images on people. In order to conform to these set standards, people take drastic and life changing measures to alter their appearance, which comes in the form of plastic surgery. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, cosmetic plastic surgery is defined as â€Å"surgical and nonsurgical procedures that enhance and reshape structures of the body† (American Society of Plastic Surgeons 2017). The issue is, is there actually a benefit to undergoing†¦show more content†¦The point to remember it that it is still, in fact, a surgery, so there are numerous risks involved in undergoing one of these procedures, no matter how â€Å"safe† they seem. One of the base factors is that there are many ways in which the procedure can go wrong, and in the end there is nothing that can be done. For starters, there are many plastic surgeons currently practicing, the largest number in the United States with 6,500 alone, followed by Brazil with 5,500 and China with 2,800 (ISAPS). With this comes a vast pool of surgeons to choose from when going in for a procedure, yet it also leaves people vulnerable to ending up with one whose skills are not up to par, considering there are many non-board-certified surgeons as well and board-certified. This discrepancy results in a higher risk of a botched job. If the surgery does come out cleanly, however, there is still the actual healing process with which to deal with. Consequently, depending on which surgery is being performed, the complete healing process can take up to â€Å"a year or more† (Plastic Surgery Schools) to fully finish. In this time, there is mass amounts of pain that a person has to endure, as well as limitations on daily life that hinder every day routine. The bruising and swelling is prominent and leaves the body tender to the touch so every movement is more delicate and cautious. The risk does not end at botched jobs and pain endurance though, because there is also the greatest risk of allShow MoreRelatedEssay on Humas Overcoming Nature1487 Words   |  6 Pagesuntil the sixteenth century, people believed that God could explain all actions. In general, science did not really exist. People simply looked to the Bible for reassurance about then unexplainable phenomenon. With the development of a scientific method and the industrial revolution, people began to recognize reason in their world through science. In the present day, the general public in their quest to discover all of natures secrets depends on science and its reason. Rogets Dictionary declares thatRead MoreThe Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning Essay6336 Words   |  26 Pageschild differently than they would one that is born through sexual union. Technically the process of reproduction would have been different, but Kass sees no reason why parents would follow this process for producing a child unless they truly wanted it. This argument is generally used to warn others of the potential social harms that a child might face. A child that is born from cloning will be different from other children in the way he or she was created as well as in theRead MoreNanotech 1AC Essay13565 Words   |  55 Pagescomponents, cosmetics and packaging, among other products. 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Fieldwork Free Essays

string(166) " has led to very poor performance among children since the children who suffer from it tend to spend too much time in thinking about their problems than in learning\." NYC is one of the areas in US with the highest concentration of schools. These schools range from kindergarten schools to even higher level. This has presented unprecedented challenges to school managers and especially classroom teachers. We will write a custom essay sample on Fieldwork or any similar topic only for you Order Now Teachers play a very important role of imparting of knowledge into the children so that they can change their entry behaviour by the time they come out of the learning process. A lot of incidents occur in the process of learning between the teacher and the children or amongst the children. These incidents are inevitable as conflicts are part and parcel of the learning process. The classroom setting brings together children from different backgrounds. In the NYC area, some of the challenges facing the children especially from the pre-K level to the second grade level include delinquency, a significantly high drop out rate, environmental as well as peer pressure as well as challenges in socializing and obeying to the set school rules and regulations. These children are in a very low level of development and most of them feel that a school is just a place of passing time, chatting and playing. It is the way the teacher manages these incidents when they are manifested in the classroom that enables the children to experience a conducive learning environment, develop self-competence as well as self-esteem and be able to improve in academic performance. According to Edmondson D. (1999), there have been quite a lot of critical incidents that have been observed between the teacher and children and amongst children in the NYC learning institutions. For instance, in a classroom setting, many teachers have been burdened with the problem of most of most children fighting one another due to minor differences among them such as being denied to join in a play. This fighting among the children has distracted the learning environment and even affected the emotional and psychological well-being of the children. These effects consequently have resulted to poor academic performance among the children, something that has affected their learning motivation and led to loss of interest in learning. Most students through this turn out to be joy riders in the class and this has also led to loss of morale in teaching on the part of the teacher. it is therefore very important that the teachers chips in to address this problem. The teacher should seek to establish a conducive learning environment by inculcating good social skills into the children and teaching them the need to respect one another. For quality and improved academic performance, this incident needs to be addressed and controlled in future.   Proper and strict ways should be put in place and highly practiced on the children who have this behaviour. Behaviour modification techniques such as use of a token should be reviewed and practised by the teacher in order to discourage this incident.   Although Slavin, (1978) notes that, punishment is one of the best deterrents for bad behavior, this is disputed by, Astin (1985) who notes that, there is enough evidence to conclude that, punishment can have negative effects for classroom teachers.   Hence punishing the misbehaved children should be exercised with caution. There are incidents like overlooking of the needs of all children that have occurred between the teacher and the children.   Most teachers for instance in classroom situation tend to treat all the children as having similar needs and similar levels of understanding.   This has had a very negative impact on the academic performance of most children. The children who are slow in learning and also those who have special problems like hearing difficulties have always lagged behind as far as ranking in academics is concerned. To curb this problem in future, the teacher should understand and clearly define the problems that each child faces in learning.   This way, better approaches of teaching the slow learners and those with special needs like hearing problems, blind children will be applied.   Use of tutorial classes and giving remedial work to learners who learn slowly will be of great use in solving this problem.   Building of different learning institutions and providing adequate learning materials and resources for the exceptional children should be practiced.   Braille and the relevant learning resources as well as materials should be provided to the children who are blind. However, teachers have had critical incidents with children whereby they have encountered very bright, clever and talented children.   These incidents and many others which have become rampant in the NYC area have helped the classroom teacher to be able to come up with ways in which these children should be encouraged so that they do not get disinterested in the learning process. These children can be said to be exceptional and also require special concern so that they continue participating in learning process. To manage this situation in future, teachers should also employ other techniques like giving challenging tasks but those which are within the ability of the clever children, encouraging the children to read ahead of where the teacher reaches in class as well as helping them to set realistic goals. They should also be given responsibilities such as class room monitors so that they continue perfecting their leadership skills and be engaged in fruitful activities Critical incidents like stress have also arised between teachers and the children.   A teacher in a classroom situation has been able to encounter children who have stress.   Stress among children arises from family backgrounds and academic performance (Slavin, 1978).   Those children who come from poor families have been observed to be the mostly affected by stress due to financial constraints in the family set-up, something that have widely resulted to hardships in paying fees, unlike those children from stable families who have everything at their disposal, right from in time payment of fees to other secondary needs. Continued failure in academics as well as poor reinforcement from the part of the teacher also result to stress among children.   Stress has led to very poor performance among children since the children who suffer from it tend to spend too much time in thinking about their problems than in learning. You read "Fieldwork" in category "Essay examples"   Teachers have tried to control stress among the students in many ways. Many more ways should however be put forward in an effort to fight stress among the students.   Such ways like guidance and counselling of the students suffering from stress, organizing for sources of funds so as to facilitate their education as well as encouraging them should be emphasized in order to achieve positive results from these children. In addition, the parents of these children have been involved to encourage the children in learning   through trying to groom them and advice the accordingly.   According to, Astin (1985) use of reinforcements and rewards are among the most important ways that can be used to improve performance among children.   The stressed children should always be positively reinforced and rewarded every time they make a positive improvement of their situation. Another critical incident between a teacher and the children is the realization that children have different talents.   Teachers have been able to meet children who are very talented in sports and athletics.   This incident has helped these children a lot since teachers have had an opportunity to help them broaden and practice their talents to the best of their ability. They have been able to do   this by organizing for physical education beaks and allowing the children to engage in playing different games. This has enriched learning process since cu-curricular activities are also part of learning especially where socialization is encouraged. Children also during interaction with one another have had several critical incidents.   The realization by children that some of their colleagues shine in academics only through hard work but not because they are geniuses has created an atmosphere of hard work among the children fraternity. In the process of working hard so as to attain the level that their colleagues are enjoying, they have improved their performance and consequently the entire performance of the schools has improved. The slow learners have been able to seek for assistance from the teacher until they understand fully the concepts for example how to perform addition and multiplication in mathematics. This attitude should be more encouraged in future and rewarding of the best children be sustained in order to create a competing atmosphere. There are incidents among the children whereby they have come to realise that some students are being favoured by the teachers.   This has really suppressed the morale of the other children since they have believed that no matter how hard they try, they will never shine. Favouritism has been practised through marking assignments and in reinforcing the children. This behaviour of teachers favouring some children should in future be discouraged because it leads to discouragement on children who are not experiencing the favours, and later translate to poor academic performance. Moreover, there have been critical incidents whereby teachers have realized that some children can become good leaders.   This has been helped by the evident leadership skills that these children portray at their early age. Through identifying these children, teachers have been able to help the children through providing enough guidelines and encouraging them to maintain as well as improve their qualities. This has really been an opportunity for the children to succeed, improving their self-esteem and acquiring much confidence to pursue the education.  Ã‚   In future, more encouragement should be given to these children and leadership posts be awarded to them in the school so as to perfect their skills. In addition, there are things that have happened such as children stealing from each other and this has really demoralised most children. Children who take to this behaviour tend to grow up practising it even to their higher educational levels. The teacher should put into place the necessary disciplinary measures so that this stealing behaviour can be modified. This contributes to a better learning environment and consequently to a improved academic performance. Critical incidents have also occurred among the children whereby they have been able to realize that some of them are quite anti-social and cannot even work in groups.   Group work is one of the most effective ways of learning (Joyce, Weil, 1986).   It is through group work that children learn new ideas as well as develop confidence and social skills.   Children who engage in group work and participate fully tend to broaden their views and acquire diverse thinking ways.   They stand a good chance of improving in their academic performance unlike those children who are anti social and defect from group work. In future, group work should be highly encouraged among the children and means of motivation the groups devised.   This will see to it that performance among the children is improved. Conclusion All education stakeholders in the NYC area need to join hands in order to handle the numerous challenges facing the sector. There is a need to create learning environmental that is ample enough to allow an interaction between the teachers and the children.   The numerous incidents that the teacher encounters should serve to formulate clear policies to govern the learning process. This in turn will lead to a better learning environment.   Finally all children-children incidents, needs to be solved by applying the necessary psychological theories in order to create a conducive learning environment. REFERENCES Astin, A. W. (1985). Achieving educational excellence: A critical assessment of priorities and practices in higher education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Dover. Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological Safety and Learning Behaviour in Work Teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350-383. Slavin, R. (1978). Student teams and achievement divisions. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 12. Joyce, B., Weil, M. (1986). Models of teaching. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Anderson, J. A. (1998). Cognitive styles and multicultural populations. Journal of Teacher Education. 39. Wlodkowski, R., Ginsberg, M. (2003). Diversity and motivation: Culturally responsive teaching. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. How to cite Fieldwork, Essay examples

Accounting System - Special Journal & Subsidiary Ledger

Question: What is accounting systems? Describe about special journals subsidiary ledgers. Answer: The company under review is the JB Hi Fi and is the leading retailer of the consumer electronics. The company manufactures the video games and also the blu-rays, DVDs and the CDs. The company is the leading chain store which is headquartered in Melbourne. In the smaller accounting treatment, the book keeper may go on to record the various journal entries. In a company, the general leader accountant is duty bound to record the journal entry and ensure the control over the manner in which the journal entries have been recorded. In respect of the format of the journal entry, at a minimum, the accounting journal entry must include the following: Each account has one credit and one debit The date on which the journal entry has been passed The period of accounting during which the journal entry was prepared The name of the person which is making that entry is present The managerial authorisations are present Journal Entry Fraud: It is very much common for the accountants to commit frauds by the use of various journal entries than through the use of the common transactions that exists. This could include the supplier invoices and the creation of the customer invoices. The main reason behind the same is that there are many of the common transactions that would have the controls of the systems built around them and this is designed for many of the different reasons. There are a very lesser number of controls over the journal entries that makes the creation of the fraudulent transactions easier. These are the transactions that are very difficult for the recording of the amounts that are not material and these are not likely to spot the transgressions. The following are the accounting journals prepared by the company: Cash and bank Accounts receivables Plant and equipment Land and building Accumulated depreciation Depreciation expense Office supplies expense Expense accounts Accounts payables Loans and borrowings Short term investments Long term investments Shareholders equity Retained earnings Provisions Revenue Cost of sales Income tax expense Other assets Other liabilities The following is the statement of the cash flows provided in the annual report of the company: Particulars (Amounts in $ in thousands) Receipts from customers 40,12,130 38,32,979 Payment to suppliers and employees -37,67,211 -37,23,982 Interest and bill discounts received 552 402 Interest and other finance costs paid -5,689 -7,496 Income taxes paid -59,886 -60,577 Net cash inflow from operating activities 1,79,896 41,326 Acquisition of non-controlling interests -2,400 -3,000 Payments for plant and equipment -42,466 -35,914 Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment 496 674 Net cash (outflow) from investing activities -44,370 -38,240 Proceeds from issues of equity securities 3,125 21,523 Proceeds / (repayment) of borrowings -40,113 54,063 Payments for debt issue costs -484 -64 Payment for shares bought back -4,970 -25,830 Share issue and buy-back costs -24 -118 Dividends paid to owners of the Company -87,174 -77,183 Net cash (outflow) from financing activities -1,29,640 -27,609 Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 5,886 -24,523 Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the financial year 43,445 67,368 Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents -200 600 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 49,131 43,445 1. Depreciation expense: this is found in the statement of profit or loss. 2. Amortisation expense: this is found in the statement of profit or loss. 3. Employee benefit expense: this is found in the statement of profit or loss. 4. Financial service fees revenue: this is found in the statement of profit or loss. 5. Lease and occupancy expenses: this is found in the statement of profit or loss. The following is the statement of profit or loss: (Amounts in $ in thousands) Particulars 2015 2014 Revenue 36,52,136 34,83,775 Cost of sales -28,53,883 -27,27,794 Gross profit 7,98,253 7,55,981 Other income 631 520 Sales and marketing expenses -3,74,084 -3,55,694 Occupancy expenses -1,60,216 -1,48,969 Administration expenses -27,711 -27,600 Other expenses -35,414 -32,716 Finance costs -5,927 -8,845 Profit before tax 1,95,532 1,82,677 Income tax expense -59,021 -54,230 Profit for the year 1,36,511 1,28,447 Attributable to: Owners of the Company 1,36,511 1,28,359.00 Non-controlling interests 88.00 Earnings per share Basic (cents per share) 137.91 128.39 Diluted (cents per share) 136.46 126.89 The following is the Balance sheet of the company: (Amounts in $ in thousands) Assets 2,015.00 2,014.00 Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents 49,131.00 43,445.00 Trade and other receivables 81,480.00 70,745.00 Inventories 4,78,871.00 4,58,625.00 Other current assets 7,416.00 5,332.00 Total current assets 6,16,898.00 5,78,147.00 Non-current assets: Plant and equipment 1,76,208.00 1,81,564.00 Deferred tax assets 17,363.00 14,909.00 Intangible assets 84,541.00 85,218.00 Other financial assets 3.00 3.00 Total non-current assets 2,78,115.00 2,81,694.00 Total assets 8,95,013.00 8,59,841.00 Liabilities Current liabilities: Trade and other payables 3,25,604.00 3,02,979.00 Provisions 40,585.00 36,840.00 Other current liabilities 4,566.00 4,111.00 Current tax liabilities 9,474.00 8,184.00 Other financial liabilities 107.00 79.00 Total current liabilities 3,80,336.00 3,52,193.00 Non-current liabilities: Borrowings 1,39,461.00 1,79,653.00 Provisions 6,073.00 8,699.00 Other non-current liabilities 25,664.00 24,638.00 Other financial liabilities - 25.00 Total non-current liabilities 1,71,198.00 2,13,015.00 Total liabilities 5,51,534.00 5,65,208.00 Net assets 3,43,479.00 2,94,633.00 Equity: Contributed equity 56,521.00 58,383.00 Reserves 17,636.00 16,265.00 Retained earnings 2,69,322.00 2,19,985.00 Total equity 3,43,479.00 2,94,633.00 The following are the required journal entries: Transaction Particulars Debit Credit Cash receipt from customers Cash Sales Cash paid to suppliers Accounts payable Cash Dividend paid Dividend expense Cash Payment for plant and equipment Plant and equipment Cash Depreciation expense Depreciation expense Accumulated depreciation Amortisation expense Amortisation expense Asset Employee benefit expense Employee benefit expense Profit and loss account Financial service fees revenue Cash/Accounts receivables Financial service fees revenue Lease and occupancy expenses Lease and occupancy expenses Profit and loss References: Accounting Basics for Students. (2016).Basic Accounting Journal Entries. Accountingtools.com. (2016).Accounting Journal Entries Accounting Tools.

Mailbox Rule Essay Example For Students

Mailbox Rule Essay Mailbox Rule Discussing Development Application of Mailbox Rule I. Introduction In the Common Law system, â€Å"the Mailbox Rule is an alternate term for the Postal Rule; when mailed, an acceptance of an offer to contract is valid from the moment it is deposited into a mailbox; on dispatch. † The Mailbox rule is an exception to the general rule that a contract is created when acceptance is directly communicated to the offeror. The mailbox rule provides that the contract is formed when the letter of acceptance is placed in the mailbox. This rule was established by the case of Adams v. Lindsell (1818) B Ald 68. In this case, Judge Law said that if that were true, it would be impossible to complete any contract through the post; if the defendants were not bound by their offer until the answer was received, then the plaintiffs would not be bound until they had received word that the defendants had received their acceptance, and this could go on indefinitely. Instead it must be considered that the offerers were making the offer to the plaintiffs during every moment that the letter was in the post . Later, the Mailbox rule was confirmed in Dunlop v Higgins (1848) 1 HL Cas 381 and Henthorn v Fraser . In addition, the Mailbox rule applies only to acceptance. In Household Fire Insurance Company v Grant (1879), the court ruled that the Mailbox rule only applies to acceptance. Later, the case of Stevenson v McLean (1880) 5 QBD 346 confirmed other contractual letters (such as the revoking offer) don’t take effect until the letter is delivered . As regards to this rule, we also need to pay attention to the fact that a letter is regarded as â€Å"posted† only when it is in the possession of the Post Office, which was established in the case of Re London Northern Bank 1 Ch 220. The letter must be put into the post box or the hands of someone authorized to collect not deliver mail, which means a letter of acceptance is not considered â€Å"posted† if it is handed to an agent to deliver, such as a courier . The Mailbox Rule is based on the theory that when an offer is sent by mail, the acceptance may also be allowed to be sent through the same medium, and because the offeree cannot control the mail when the acceptance is put into the mailbox, the contract will be formed when the acceptance is mailed. II. Drawbacks of Mailbox Rule 1. The Mailbox rule gives a heavier burden to the offeror. In modern business, the most significant advantage of the Mailbox rule is that this rule promotes the conclusion of the deal to be reached rapidly. However, based on the Mailbox rule, the offeror has to be restricted by the acceptance in the situation when they do not receive the acceptance. That means when the mail of acceptance is delayed or lost, the risk is shifted to the offeror, which was established by the case of Household Fire Insurance v Grant (1879) . That is too harsh to safeguard the interests of the offeror. 2. The Mailbox rule deprives the right of the offeree to withdraw the acceptance. As regards to the effectiveness of acceptance, there are two principles in modern law systems. In the Civil Law system, the effectiveness of acceptance follows to the Receipt rule , which allows the offeree to withdraw the acceptance only if the withdrawal of notification prior to the acceptance of the offer reached the offeror because the acceptance is effective only when it reaches the offeror. In the Common Law system, the effectiveness of acceptance conforms to the Mailbox rule. Under the Mailbox rule, the offeree has no right to withdraw the acceptance because the contract is created when the acceptance is mailed. Lord of the Flies Analysis EssayHowever, although the Mailbox rule has been improved expressly, how to correctly apply this rule is still a problem for parties of the contract because the Mailbox rule has become more complex than it was before and still has some drawbacks (there is no complete perfect law), such as if sending the acceptance before the rejection, the offeree cannot revoke the disadvantage acceptance. Certainly, requiring every party to exactly operate this rule is impossible. While if the parties follow basic several rules below, the risk of the Mailbox rule could be reduced expressly. 1. The establishment of modern contract law is based on the principle of party autonomy. The parties of a contract should fully use this rule, complying with Jus cogens. The offeror can set the Receipt rule in offers reasonably. The judge and court will respect the will of the parties as much as they can because parties’ will is the base of the contract. 2. The purposes of parties should be to promote the accomplishment of trade. The intention of modern contract law is to promote and protect the trade not limit and destroy the trade. Therefore, the judgment should benefit operating a trade. 3. The offerors and offerees should hold good faith during the processes of offer and acceptance under considering the circumstances with caution. Protecting the interests of parties with good faith is the basic principle of law. The court would consider the subjective intention. Generally, the developing trend of contract law is to respect the will of parties and encourage trade. Only if the parties express their trading will with a cautious attitude and good faith, will the drawbacks of Mailbox rule not be a barrier for creating a contract. Reference . Adams v. Lindsell (1818) http://www. west. et/~smith/Adams_v_Lindsell. htm . Netorked Knowledge – Contract Law Casenotes (Stevenson Jaques Co. v McLean (1880) 5 QBD 346 Queen’s Bench Division) http://netk. net. au/Contract/Stevenson. asp . Re London Northern Bank http://aquariumsupplies. co. za/bank6/re-london-and-northern-bank-1900. html . Court of Appeal, Household Fire Insurance v. Grant (1879) 4 Ex D 216 http://www. docstoc. com/docs/18606838/household-fire-insurance-v-grant-(1879)-4- ex-d-216/ . Teach an Old UCC Dog New Tricks http://www. abanet. org/buslaw/blt/2008-09-10/nicholas. shtml . CISG: Table of Contracting States ttp://www. cisg. law. pace. edu/cisg/countries/cntries. html . Holwell Securities v. Hughes http://instruct. uwo. ca/law/410-003/holwell. html . Contract (fourth edition), by Brian A. Blum, page76 http://books. google. com/books? id=Sdzvbez9Gx0Cpg=PA77lpg=PA77dq=mailbox+rule++rejection++offersource=blots=lthl8WwigZsig=ZzgITuOKKbntQboiqAGdhMygIXEhl=enei=b0bRS_OCLI2CNpDWpIMOsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=6ved=0CBUQ6AEwBTge#v=onepageq=mailbox%20rule%20%20rejection%20%20offerf=false . Contract Law – Reject of Offer http://www. lawofcontract. co. uk/formation/rejection-of-offer. php